Napoleon's Rise to Power:

• Victory at Toulon (1792)
• Saved Directory from royalist Paris mob (1795)
• Italian & Egyptian campaigns brought fame and glory

Reaction/Directory (1795):

• Thermidorian Reaction (moderate): 1789 ideals+stability
  Power of Committee curbed, Jacobin club shut down, churches opened
• Council of 500/Council of Elders
  Government dominated by middle class/corruption problems
• Coup d'etat (1799): General Napoleon Bonaparte seized power
• Napoleon First Consul (for life in 1802)

Domestic Policies of Napoleon:

• Concordat of 1801: peace with Catholic Church
• Napoleonic Code: citizens equal before law
  Right to choose one's profession/religious toleration
  Abolition of feudalism/property rights & employers protected

Napoleon's Empire:

• Crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I (1804)
• Defeated Austria & Russia (1805)/Prussia defeated (1806)
• Grand Empire: French Empire; dependent states; allied states
• Attempted to destroy old order/spread revolutionary ideals

The Fall of Napoleon: Great Britain & Nationalism

• French fleet defeated at Trafalgar (1805)
• Continental System failure (1806-07)
• Nationalism: hatred of French oppressors in European states
• Invasion of Russia (1812): "Great Retreat"
• France defeated by allied states (1814)/exiled to Elba
• Napoleon defeated at Waterloo/exiled to St. Helena