New World of Trade and Cities

Growth of Cities:
- Increased food production allowed people to buy food
- Merchants, craftspeople/artisans (urban repopulation)
Burghers = bourgeoisie (middle class)
- Charters: liberties granted for tax revenue/payment
- Potential freedom for runaway serfs
- Communes: town associations often used force against lords

Industry in Medieval Cities:
- Guilds: organizations of merchants & artisans
- Craft guilds: supervised production/standards/prices/membership
- Apprentice-->Journeyman-->Master Craftsman
- Entrepreneurs used domestic system of production