(1609) Plantation of Ulster (Planter vs. Gael):

• Scottish Protestant settlements:
  1. Displacement of Irish from their land
  2. Cultural and religious hostility to new Protestants
• (1641) Catholic/Irish Rebellion:
  Defeated by Oliver Cromwell
  Results: Fear and Loathing due to mutual atrocities

(1688) Siege of Derry & (1690) Battle of the Boyne:

• (1688) Glorious Revolution: William & Mary invited to take throne
• Group of young apprentices locked the gates of Derry
• 105 day siege lifted by British warships on the Foyle River
• Apprentice Boys of Derry founded 1814
• (1690) James II supported by France/Irish natives
• "King Billy" triumphed July 12 at Boyne

Violent Irish Responses to British Rule:

• (1798) United Irishmen Rebellion led by Wolfe Tone (martyrdom)
• (1845) Potato Famine resulted in formation of IRB
  Goal: Expel Great Britain from Ireland by force
• (1916) Easter Rising: military failure (martyrdom)

(1919-1921) Anglo-Irish War:

• Irish Free State: Brit withdrawal/Unionist government for Ulster
  
• Ireland remained a dominion of British Empire
  
• The North partitioned (six counties)
• Irish Civil War (over the Anglo-Irish Treaty)
  Free State victory over anti-Treaty forces