Early Life of Martin Luther:

• Salvation via confession (sacrament of penance) doubtful
• Justification by faith/Bible=sole religious truth
  (Main principles of Protestant Reformation)

Rise of Lutheranism:

• (1522) Luther organized a reformed church
• Lutheranism spread throughout Germany
• Christian humanist dissent: reform within church
• Peasants' War (1524): Condemned by Luther

Church and State:

• Baptism/Lord's Supper retained by Luther
• Transubstantiation denied in Lord's Supper
• Scripture: Church traditions/decrees rejected
• "Priesthood of all believers" (no hierarchy)
• State supervision of Lutheran churches
• Mass replaced by sermon (vernacular Bible reading)