Ideas of the Communist Manifesto (1848):

• History of "class struggles" (oppressed vs. oppressors)
• Bourgeois controlled state & Proletariat (industrial working class)
• Marx's Prediction:
  Bourgeois overthrown via revolution by proletariat
  Dictatorship of the Proletariat: reorganize means of production
  Emergence of a classless society (state melts away)
  End of class struggles & progress in science/technology/industry
• Marx underestimated power of nationalism
  Improved standard of living & industrial reforms

Organizing the Working Class:

Socialist Parties:

• German Social Democratic Party (Liebknecht/Bebel)
• Marxist rhetoric/mass political party in elections to Reichstag
• Second International: loose association of national groups
  May Day (demonstrations and strikes)

Evolutionary Socialism:

• Evolutionary socialism (revisionism) challenged Marxism
• Goal: Organize mass political parties to bring about change
• Reform within democratic system by evolution, not revolution