Provisional Government: March Revolution

• (March 1917) Petrograd strikes due to bread rationing/long lines
• Czar lost support of Duma, military and aristocracy
• Alexander Kerensky led new provisional government
  No withdrawal from the war/upheld treaty obligations

Lenin & the Bolsheviks: November Revolution

• Bolsheviks (faction of Marxist Party): Promoted violent revolution
• Used soviets of workers/soldiers/peasants to gain control
• (November 1917) Provisional Government overthrown
• Power held by Lenin/commissars (Bolsheviks=Communists)
• (March 1918) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Bolshevik Opposition:

• Czar loyalists, bourgeoisie, liberal aristocrats,
  Mensheviks, anti-Lenin socialists
• Allied troops deployed to help counter-revolutionary forces
• Attacks from Siberia, Ukraine & Baltic states
• White forces defeated by 1920