Society of Jesus (Jesuits):

• Founded by Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556)
• Recognized by papal bull (1540)
• Absolute obedience to papacy
• Education/Missionary work/Restore Catholicism

Papal Revival: Pope Paul III (1534-49)

• Appointed reform commission
• (1537) Corrupt policies of popes/cardinals to blame
• No compromise with Protestants (heretics) on doctrine
• Index of Forbidden Books established by Pope Paul IV

Council of Trent:

• Hoped to encourage return to Catholic faith
• Reaffirmed Scripture and tradition as equal authorities
• Faith and good works needed for salvation
• Sacraments/clerical celibacy/transubstantiation upheld
• Belief in purgatory and indulgences affirmed
• Theological seminaries for training priests