British Expansion of Control:

• East India Company ruled with little government interference
• Britain severely restricted local economic activity
• Railroad transport: interior shipments
• Colonial impact: British political/economic control

Sepoy Mutiny:

• Rumor of rifle cartridges greased with beef and pork fat led to rebellion
• Mutiny failed due to divisions between Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs
• (1858) British direct command of India
• Governor-General (viceroy) carried out government directives

Nationalism in India:

• Indian were 2nd class citizens & ineligible for top posts in civil service
  (paid less than Europeans)
• (1885) Indian National Congress & (1906) Muslim League formed
  Eventual calls for self-government/Home Rule
• "Divide & Conquer" method hindered Hindu & Muslim unity