Rise of Fascism in Europe

Fascism in Italy:
- Anger over WWI territorial settlement
- Benito Mussolini: strong leadership/military & economic revival
- (1919) Fascist Party: popularity increased with worsening conditions
Blackshirts: anti-Communist street violence/intimidation
- (1922) March on Rome: Mussolini appointed prime minister
Outlawed other political parties/secret police & censorship of media

Hitler's Rise to Power in Germany:
- National Socialist German Workers' Party: Anti-Communist & anti-Versailles
Brownshirts (SA): private militia that used terror & intimidation
- (1923) Beer Hall Putsch: Hitler arrested and tried for treason
- Mein Kampf: Hitler's beliefs & goals for Germany
Aryans (master race) & wanted return of German lands
Lebensraum: living space needed in eastern Europe
- (1929) Nazi revival due to Great Depression

Hitler Becomes Chancellor:
- (1932) Nazi Party largest in Germany/(1933) Hitler appointed Chancellor
- (1933) Boycott against Jewish businesses & occupational purges
- Reichstag fire: fear of Communists for upcoming election
Enabling Act: gave Hitler dictatorial powers

Nazi Consolidation of Power:
- (1934) Night of the Long Knives: purge of the SA by SS
- Gestapo: secret police terror helped achieve obedience
- Economy: public works projects created employment (Autobahn)
- Hitler Youth & League of German Girls indoctrinated children
- (1935) Nuremberg Laws: stripped Jews of citizenship rights
- (1938) Kristallnacht: open state-sponsored violence